Treatment of High Nutrient-Loaded Wastewater in a Constructed Floating Wetland with Different Configurations: Role of Lantana Biochar Addition

Constructed wetlands (CW) with carbon stock in substrate matrix show high efficiency wastewater nutrient removals. In this study, five batch-scale CW setups varying Lantana weed biochar (BC) doses (5, 10, and 15%) were established changes nutrient-loaded parameters, ammonium N (NH4+-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO3-N), sulfate (SO4−2), phosphate (PO4−3), monitored for 240 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). BC amount directly affected the removal mechanism of CWs a significant reduction COD (>92.71%) was recorded. setup 15% dose showed maximum PO4−3 (79.06%), NH4+-N (78.79%), SO4−2 (67.93%), NO3-N (77.42%) from wastewater. The theory facilitated physical removal, microbial facilitation, kinetics improvements are proposed better nutrients studied CWs. Research results could be utilized to design low-cost domestic treatment facility using rural areas under decentralized water program.